Disability Assignment Essay Example for Free

Disability Assignment Essay Ageism has been addressed and there have been many solutions made to help stop it. The ADA was established to stop the discrimination of the disabled, which many elderly people are. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) was established to protect workers 40 years of age or older from being fired because of their age and replaced with younger workers who presumably would receive lower salaries. None of these have been a miracle, but they have slowed down the discrimination of the elderly. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Meachan v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory stating that employers under ADEA had to prove that laying off older workers wasn’t based on age but â€Å"some reasonable factor† (Schaefer, 2012). Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The number of the aging population is expected to rise in numbers. According to  The Demographics Of Aging  (2009), today, one out of every 9 Americans is old—another former youth turns 50 every 8 seconds. Those age 65 and older now exceed 35 million, a number poised to explode. The upcoming aging population will be different from those of past decades. They will live longer, maintain better  health  and have more active life styles than previous generations. With the increase in the elderly population comes the need for more Social Security, disability and medical care. This could affect the economy in a negative way. †¢ What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? I think Bills will be affected by the aging population because they will need to be enforced more. There are many Bills and laws that have been passed for the equal rights and fair treatment of the elderly. There are many private and public bills that I am sure will be enforced more with the increase in the elderly population. With the rise of the elderly, there will be a rise in voting also. More elderly people vote during an election year than any other age group. These are the only two ways that I can think of that would be affected by the ageing population. How does poverty affect the ageing population? Many elderly people live right at the poverty level because of all the expenses they have. Prescriptions, doctor’s appointments, housing, etc. are all expenses that elderly people have to pay for every month. Most elderly people have insuran ce, such as Medicare, but this doesn’t always pay for all the medical expenses they incur. Poverty can affect the ageing population in negative ways. They can become stressed that they might not be able to pay all their bills, which can lead to health issues. If Social Security benefits did not exist, an estimated 44%  of the elderly would be poor today, assuming no changes in behavior (Cawthorne,  2008). There are many in the ageing population who are still working today because they don’t have the means to retire. With the downfall of the economy, many have to come out of retirement and become employed again because their government benefits aren’t enough. Part III †¢ How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? The disabled population has been treated very unfairly in the past. They are discriminated against and are shown prejudice because of their state. Many were denied employment because of their disabilities and public venues didn’t have the proper means to accommodate a disabled person. Some disabled individuals were treated like they had a disease. They were given dirty looks or were stared at like they were a zoo animal. The disabled were left in institutions or homes to live out the rest of their lives because no one wanted to â€Å"deal† with them. They weren’t given the same treatment as the non-disabled. There were also cases of parents of a disabled child being told they were better off â€Å"putting them out of their misery† because there weren’t very many resources available. All of this treatment led to the passing of laws and the creation of many organizations to help the disabled receive fair treatment. †¢ How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? The attitude toward and treatment of people with disabilities has changed drastically over time. Since the introduction of the ADA, which is the Americans with Disabilities Act, the disabled have been receiving equal rights and have been able to fight against discrimination. Almost every public venue has the means to accommodate the disabled, such as a wheelchair ramp or automatic opening doors. There are events now made specifically for the disabled so they can still be a part of their community, like the Special Olympics and charity events. My nephew has Down Syndrome and they have a special baseball league every summer that he participates in called the â€Å"Miracle League†. People are embraced more for their disabilities instead of being shunned. There is much more technology available in order to keep the disabled active and social. Also, with the passing of the ADA, there are more disabled individuals gaining employment. Granted, the jobs they acquire aren’t top level executives, but they do provide them with a sense of security and pride. †¢ What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? There are quite a few unique circumstances or issues that I can think of encountered by people with disabilities. If the disabled individual is in a wheelchair, they have many obstacles they have to overcome. They are the first to board an airplane since they take the longest to get on the plane. When they go through metal detectors, they have to be wanded afterwards because they go off every time. Disabled individuals with any kind of physical disability have a harder time moving around places and enjoying the same recreational activities as a person without a physical disability. Individuals who are blind have braile on signs and also can’t enjoy the same activities that the seeing population can. Disabilities to me are a unique circumstance in itself that other individuals have to be kind and respectful about. †¢ What is being done to address those issues? The ADA has been passed which prevents the discrimination of the disabled. They cannot be discriminated in the workforce, restaurants, transportation, etc. There have been many disabled individuals who have fought with the basis of the ADA behind them. There are resources that can be used by the disabled in order to make their lives easier, such as wheelchair ramps. These things make the lives of the disabled much easier. There is also Social Security Disability available for those who cannot work and need the income to live. †¢ What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? There are many types of legislation that have been introduced to help the disabled. The ADA, which I have already discussed in previous answers, protects the disabled from prejudice and discrimination. The Developmental Disabilities Assistance Bill of Rights Act (DD Act) ensures that individuals with developmental disabilities and their families have access to community-based services and supports to promote opportunities for independence, productivity and inclusion. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services to eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities. The Rehabilitation Act (Rehab Act) authorizes the formula grant programs of vocational rehabilitation, supported employment, independent living, and client assistance. It also authorizes a variety of training and service discretionary grants administered by the Rehabilitation Services Administration.

El Problem de la Comunicacion y Sus Relaciones con el Lenguaje :: Spanish Essays

El Problem de la Comunicacion y Sus Relaciones con el Lenguaje "La palabra—el habla—es la casa del ser. En su morada habita el hombre. Los pensantes y los poetas son los vigilantes de esta morada".—"Carta sobre el humanismo" M. Heidegger (1) "Las palabras son de todos" Eugenio Montale (2) RESUMEN: Advià ©rtase que no es caprichosa la eleccià ³n de los acà ¡pites que guiarà ¡n el presente trabajo. Ambos, expresan un sentido de verdad respecto de sus propias disciplinas: la filosofà ­a y la poesà ­a, materias singularmente destacadas por M. Heidegger en cuanto a la custodia del instrumento mà ¡s valioso en poder el hombre. Instrumento, herramienta, morada, condensados en la palabra humana que, a su vez, es propiedad de todos segà ºn Montale. La brevedad de las pà ¡ginas que seguirà ¡n intentarà ¡n enforcar los problemas de la comunicacià ³n desde el lenguaje, la filosofà ­a y la literatura, no sà ³lo como hilo conductor para desarrollar el tema, sino como tributo que se rinde a quienes pasaron su vida inmersos en tales problemas, dedicados a resolverlos y a ahorrar al resto de la humanidad las consecuencias à ­ntimas y externas de ese debatirse. Paul Valery nos advirtià ³ que dos abismos no cesan de amenazar al hombre: el orden y el desorden. En la prolongada lucha por alcanzar un digno medio entre ambas catà ¡strofes, la comunicacià ³n—como vehà ­culo universal de intercambio entre los habitantes de nuestro planeta— juega un papel de fundamental importancia: la de poner la casa en orden, por lo menos relativo, para que esa morada sea habitada, Vivida, con decoro. Lamentablemente, prolongados perà ­odos histà ³ricos, se caracterizan por ignorar la sabia advertencia de Heidegger en cuanto a los custodios del habla (poetas y pensadores) quienes no sà ³lo son ignorados sino sencilla y fatalmente barridos de la faz de la tierra o silenciados de modo drà ¡stico para que la comunicacià ³n humana no adquiera sino una babà ©lica confusià ³n proclive a envolver en ella a los hombres y sus conductas. Ordenar la morada heideggeriana sin descuidar su calidez, sin abandonar una à ©tica que partiendo de la palabra misma se continà ºe en los actos, implica un ciclà ³peo trabajo que deberà ¡ asumirse hasta el fin de los tiempos, pues el hombre finito aspira a la infinitud de cierta perfeccià ³n diacrà ³nica. Si el hombre mora en el habla y las palabras son de todos, ello requerirà ¡ no una seleccià ³n, no una plà ©yade de pensadores y poetas, sino toda una humanidad capaz de superar sus propios peligros y de comunicarse en cà ³digos limpios y fà ¡cilmente interpretables.

Managing Time Essay

In today’s society, many people are finding it difficult to find time for their family when they are so caught up at work. At times, it could also be that people are with their family more often that their work starts to slack off. In the story, â€Å"Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket† by Jack Finney, Tom has it difficult spending time with his wife, because he is caught up in his work. The theme of this story is time management between work and family can be complicated. A similar theme is shown in the short stories, â€Å"Double Daddy† by Penny Parker and â€Å"Diary of a Mad Blender† by Sue Shellenbarger. First of all, the theme of â€Å"Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket† is demonstrated throughout the story. When Tom decides to stay home, his wife, Clare, tells him, â€Å"You work too much—though, Tom—and too hard. † This shows that Tom has chosen his work over his wife. Later in the story, Tom realizes that his time may be short when he, â€Å"Wished, then, that he had not allowed his wife to go off by herself tonight—and on similar nights. † Tom realized that managing his time with his wife is more important than his work, which reveals the theme of the story. Secondly, in â€Å"Double Daddy† by Penny Parker, a similar theme is shown throughout the article. The author explains, â€Å"More is Expected of father at home these days†¦but the demands of the workplace, is anything, increased in the recent years. This comes to show that father are needed both at work and at home. Linda Dunlap, chair women of the psychology department at Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York, states that men say, â€Å"I’m working my tail off to get ahead†¦but I’m now spending time with my family. † So in recent years, fathers have realized that time management with their family is important, even though they must work to keep their family stable, which shows how complicated managing time between work and family time can be. In addition, Sue Shellenbarger, author of, â€Å"Diary of a Mad Blender,† writes about a similar theme in her article. Today, even if parents try to stay home with their kids and try to work at the same time can be challenging. As the author states, â€Å"I work from home, but there’s certainly more I could do to integrate my work and my personal life. † So, trying to balance this is a difficult task. Even though managing work and family time is tough, Shellenbarger says, â€Å"My brain just needs a little cross-training,† but she is still finding it tough to manage the time between her family work, which relates to the theme of the story. Finally, managing the time between work and family can be a difficult task for anyone, as explained in, â€Å"Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket† by Jack Finney. Also the demands of the workplace can be a struggle which was shown in â€Å"Double Daddy† by Penny Parker. Last, how it can difficult to bring work home, while trying to spend time with family, like the example in â€Å"Diary of a Mad Blender† by Sur Shellenbarger. The theme of this all is managing time between work and family can be difficult.

Speech Act Theory Definition and Examples

Speech act theory is a subfield of pragmatics that studies how words are used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. The speech act theory was introduced by Oxford philosopher J.L. Austin in How to Do Things With Words and further developed by American philosopher J.R. Searle. It  considers the degree to which utterances  are said to perform locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and/or perlocutionary acts. Many philosophers and linguists study speech act theory as a way to better understand human communication. Part of the joy of doing speech act theory, from my strictly first-person point of view, is becoming more and more remindful of how many surprisingly different things we do when we talk to each other, (Kemmerling 2002). Searles Five Illocutionary Points Philosopher J.R. Searle is responsible for devising a system of speech act categorization. In the past three decades, speech act theory has become an important branch of the contemporary theory of language thanks mainly to the influence of [J.R.] Searle (1969, 1979) and [H.P.] Grice (1975) whose ideas on meaning and communication have stimulated research in philosophy and in human and cognitive sciences... From Searles view, there are only five illocutionary points that speakers can achieve on propositions in an utterance, namely: the assertive, commissive, directive, declaratory and expressive illocutionary points. Speakers achieve the assertive point when they represent how things are in the world, the commissive point when they commit themselves to doing something, the directive point when they make an attempt to get hearers to do something, the declaratory point when they do things in the world at the moment of the utterance solely by virtue of saying that they do and the expressive point when they express their attitudes about objects and facts of the world (Vanderkeven and Kubo 2002). Speech Act Theory and Literary Criticism Since 1970 speech act theory has influenced...the practice of literary criticism. When applied to the analysis of direct discourse by a character within a literary work, it provides a systematic...framework for identifying the unspoken presuppositions, implications, and effects of speech acts [that] competent readers and critics have always taken into account, subtly though unsystematically. Speech act theory has also been used in a more radical way, however, as a model on which to recast the theory of literature...and especially...prose narratives. What the author of a fictional work—or else what the authors invented narrator—narrates is held to constitute a pretended set of assertions, which are intended by the author, and understood by the competent reader, to be free from a speakers ordinary commitment to the truth of what he or she asserts. Within the frame of the fictional world that the narrative thus sets up, however, the utterances of the fictional characters—whether these are assertions or promises or marital vows—are held to be responsible to ordinary illocutionary commitments, (Abrams and Galt Harpham 2005). Criticisms of Speech Act Theory Although Searles theory of speech acts has had a tremendous influence on functional aspects of pragmatics, it has also received very strong criticism. The Function of Sentences Some argue that Austin and Searle based their work principally on their intuitions, focusing exclusively on sentences isolated from the context where they might be used. In this sense, one of the main contradictions to Searles suggested typology is the fact that the illocutionary force of a concrete speech act cannot take the form of a sentence as Searle considered it. Rather, researchers suggest that a sentence is a grammatical unit within the formal system of language, whereas the speech act involves a communicative function separate from this, (Martà ­nez Flor and Usà ³-Juan 2010). Interactional Aspects of Conversation In speech act theory, the hearer is seen as playing a passive role. The illocutionary force of a particular utterance is determined with regard to the linguistic form of the utterance and also introspection as to whether the necessary felicity conditions—not least in relation to the speakers beliefs and feelings—are fulfilled. Interactional aspects are, thus, neglected. However, [a] conversation is not just a mere chain of independent illocutionary forces—rather, speech acts are related to other speech acts with a wider discourse context. Speech act theory, in that it does not consider the function played by utterances in driving conversation is, therefore, insufficient in accounting for what actually happens in conversation, (Barron 2003). Sources Abrams, Meyer Howard, and Geoffrey Galt Harpham.  A Glossary of Literary Terms. 8th ed., Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2005.Austin, J.l. â€Å"How To Do Things With Words.† 1975.Barron, Anne.  Acquisition in Interlanguage Pragmatics Learning How to Do Things with Words in a Study Abroad Context. J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 2003.Flor Alicia Martà ­nez, and Juan Esther Usà ³.  Speech Act Performance: Theoretical, Empirical and Methodological Issues. Vol. 26, John Benjamins Pub. Company, 2010.Kemmerling, Andreas. â€Å"Speech Acts, Minds, and Social Reality: Discussions with John r. Searle. Expressing an Intentional State.†Ã‚  Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, vol. 79, 2002, pp. 83.  Kluwer Academic Publishers.Vanderveken, Daniel, and Susumu Kubo. â€Å"Introduction.†Ã‚  Essays in Speech Act Theory, John Benjamins, 2001, pp. 1–21.